Equivalent uniform moment diagram factor for structural concrete columns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The equivalent uniform bending moment diagram factor (C m ) was introduced into design practice to eliminate the need for extensive calculations, based on the solution to a differential equation, to compute the effect of moment gradient, along the column height, caused by unequal column end moments. The expression currently in use in the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) A23.3 standard is a simplified equation based on the elastic behaviour of columns, and does not include the inelastic material behaviour of structural concrete. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different variables on C m of slender, tied, reinforced concrete columns, and composite steel–concrete columns in which steel sections are encased in concrete, and also to examine existing expressions for C m . Approximately, 38 000 simulated columns, each with a different combination of specified values of variables, were used to generate the C m data. The columns studied were subjected to short-term ultimate loads and unequal end moments causing moment gradient in single curvature and double curvature bending. Two C m design equations are proposed in this paper. One of the proposed equations is a modified version of the current CSA design equation for C m .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".