Sympatric Polymorphism in Lake Trout: The Coexistence of Multiple Shallow‐Water Morphotypes in Great Bear Lake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Polymorphism in northern fishes is common, but the extent to which polymorphism occurs in Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush , a species generally associated with low intraspecific variation, is not well known. This study examined the polymorphism of Lake Trout inhabiting the shallow‐water zones (≤30 m) of Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories. We combined an analysis of classical morphometric and traditional linear measures with shape analysis (geometric morphometrics) to quantify morphological differences in body shape, head shape, and fin and body length measurements among 558 adult and 55 juvenile shallow‐water Lake Trout from Great Bear Lake. A UPGMA cluster analysis on adult Lake Trout distinguished three different morphs that coexist in the shallow‐water habitat. The most important differences among adult morphotypes were associated with head and fin measurements, whereas body shape variation was less distinct. A fourth, albeit rarer, morph was supported by a multivariate ANOVA that indicated significant differences in head and fin characteristics among the four groups. The divergent morphologies among the shallow‐water Lake Trout of Great Bear Lake are consistent with traits generally associated with feeding and swimming. In contrast to adult trout, no consistent patterns were found for juveniles, suggesting that phenotypic differences develop at a later stage. This unusual level of endemic diversity in the shallow‐water habitat expands our knowledge of Lake Trout diversity beyond the predominant focus on shallow‐ versus deepwater forms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".