Formation of refrozen snowpack layers and their role in slab avalanche release
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a variety of snow climates, numerous slab avalanches release over crusts consisting of refrozen snow. Slab avalanches sometimes release in weak layers of faceted crystals that developed while underlying wet layers froze into crusts, often within a day. Weak layers of faceted crystals can also develop when less permeable and more conductive crusts alter the temperature and vapor pressure gradients. These processes create interfaces where differences in grain radii can contribute to weak bonding. In western Canada, layers of faceted crystals (facet layers) on crusts are most common in early and late winter when thaws and rain are more frequent. Also, thin facet layers occur in spring when surface melting by solar radiation is common. Shear strength tests on facet layers show an initial strength loss during faceting followed by a slow strength increase. The spatial distribution of poorly bonded crusts can be interpreted from the interaction of terrain and meteorology that caused the antecedent wet layer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it