Modelling of penetration of horizontal supersonic nozzles in high temperature fluidised beds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Supersonic nozzles have been applied in various jet‐induced fluidised bed attrition processes such as jet milling and Fluid Coking. In jet‐induced particle attrition, the penetration length into the bed of the jet issuing from the supersonic nozzle is a critical property that affects the attrition mechanisms. A numerical model was developed to predict the penetration length of jets issuing from a horizontal supersonic nozzle in high temperature fluidised beds, based on an Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model and Granular kinetic theory. The predicted jet penetration lengths are in very good agreement with the experimental data and the predictions of Li's empirical correlation [Li, “Penetration of High Velocity Horizontal Gas Jets Into a Fluidized Bed at High Temperature”, in Fluidization XIII, S. D. Kim, Y. Kang, J. K. Lee, Y. C. Seo, Eds., Gyeong‐ju, Korea 2010; Engineering Conferences International, Gyeong‐ju, Korea 2010, pp. 893–900.]. The simulation results have also demonstrated that the fluidisation velocity and bed temperature have little influence on jet penetration length. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".