Hydrodynamics of a rectangular liquid JET in an immiscible liquid–liquid system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Volume of fluid and continuum surface force methodologies were applied to two‐ and three‐dimensionally model the motion of a liquid jet injected vertically downward from a rectangular nozzle into another immiscible liquid. Grid independent solutions were obtained for a 10 mm 2 nozzle with aspect ratios in the range 1–10. It was found that unlike the 3D simulation, the 2D CFD model was not able to predict the necking and breakup features observed in the experimental system. The 3D model showed that upon exiting the rectangular nozzle the liquid jet underwent a transition before becoming circular in cross‐section and eventually reaching an equilibrium diameter prior to breakup into droplets. For a given nozzle geometry it was found that equilibrium jet diameter increased with increasing liquid volumetric flowrate, with good agreement between CFD simulations and experimental observations. The 3D model was applied to rectangular nozzles with different aspect ratios and it was found that for a given liquid flowrate there was an optimum aspect ratio for generating minimum‐sized droplets, which was approximately 30% less than for a circular nozzle with the same cross‐sectional area. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".