Marginal Privatisation and Infrastructural Deficiencies: Anas and Lee Revisited
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infrastructural deficiencies are leading an increasing number of industries into alternative solutions to the traditional public monopoly, including total own production. Anas and Lee suggested six behavioural types of marginal privatisation-i.e. the introduction of industrial producers as suppliers of urban services for themselves or for a limited number of nearby industries—emphasising its positive impact on the profitability of industrial production. This paper first suggests an extension of Anas and Lee's typology and the impact of marginal privatisation is then discussed in terms of the financial equilibrium of the public organisations responsible for the residual services to domestic users, and with respect to environmental objectives. Finally, suggestions are made for water and sanitation services in Casablanca based upon a mixture of behavioural types primarily designed according to the environmental risk associated with each industry group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".