Variation in pup vocalisations and mother-pup behaviour between harp seal whelping patches: effects of climate or geography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Harp seals breed in pack-ice, a substrate which can vary substantially between whelping patches depending on differing environmental and oceanographic conditions. This study demonstrates clear site differences in pup vocalizations and mother pup behaviour between Northeast (Greenland Sea) and Northwest (Canadian Front) Atlantic harp seal populations. Classification trees showed a distinctive split between Front and Greenland Sea pup vocalisations. No clear sex differentiation in vocalizations was present for pups at the Front; 42% (n = 12) of male and 38% (n = 13) of female calls could be attributed to a given individual. In the Greenland Sea, 55% (n = 42) of female vocalisations were attributed to individuals compared with only 8% for males (n = 47). In addition behavioural observations of mother pup pairs were conducted (Front, n = 58; Greenland Sea, n = 78). Greenland Sea pups were found to nurse more, and were more alert than Front pups. Female attendance patterns also differed between sites: females at the Front were more likely to attend their pups than those in the Greenland Sea. This marked difference in female presence between sites could have several origins such as variability in ice conditions, predation pressure, or female condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".