Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Propolis, the bee glue, is increasingly used in biocosmetics and for the self-treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE: Patients reacting to propolis were requested to participate in further testing with the breakdown constituents of the bee glue. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients agreed to be tested with 18 constituents, including four caffeates (the typical allergens of propolis) derived from the sticky exudates of poplar buds. RESULTS: Seven patients did not react to the propolis constituents tested. In the remaining 20 patients, the four caffeates produced strong reactions. Phenylethyl caffeate, which produced positive reactions in 20 patients, was the leading contact allergen. Benzyl caffeate elicited strong responses in 18 patients, and 3-methyl-2-butenyl caffeate produced reactions in 17 patients. Geranyl caffeate produced positive reactions in 11 patients. The flavonoid tectochrysin gave positive results in 2 patients; ferulic acid, coumaric acid, and methyl cinnamate produced weak responses. CONCLUSIONS: In middle Europe, the caffeates are the responsible allergens in propolis allergy. Patients from other countries, where poplar trees do not grow, become allergic to other propolis constituents but not to the caffeates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".