C-Reactive Protein Gene Polymorphisms in Disease Susceptibility and Clinical Manifestations of Korean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive marker of inflammation. It is hypothesized that polymorphism of CRP gene contributes to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We tested this hypothesis by identifying CRP gene polymorphisms in Korean patients with SLE. METHODS: Approximately 1.5 kb of CRP promoter region was screened for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using direct sequencing and 3 SNP in CRP exons by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The basal levels of CRP were measured by immunoturbidimetry. The effect of -390 C>A or T polymorphism on the promoter activity was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay in Hep3B cells. RESULTS: Allele frequency at polymorphisms within CRP promoter and exon in our Korean patients with SLE differed from that of Caucasians. The A allele was a major allele at position 2043 in Korean SLE patients, whereas G is a major allele in Caucasian SLE. Our SLE patients had minor allele in the -390 polymorphism more frequently versus controls (p = 0.033). CRP 1185 polymorphism was associated with thrombocytopenia (p = 0.043). The basal levels of CRP were significantly higher in individuals who had minor allele in -390 and 2043 polymorphisms (p = 0.03. p = 0.024, respectively). Promoter-reporter construct carrying the -390 A or T allele displayed significantly higher promoter activity than that with the -390 C allele (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: CRP gene -390 polymorphism plays a role in disease susceptibility of SLE through regulation of serum CRP level. Our results suggest that elevated basal CRP level may be important in the pathogenesis of SLE, even though CRP responsiveness to noninfectious inflammation of SLE is decreased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".