Competition between acceleration and loss mechanisms of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate quantitatively that whether a geomagnetic storm results in an increase or decrease of relativistic electrons in the outer zone depends on the competition between the physical processes producing the energization and loss of electrons. We construct a simplified one‐dimensional model for the electron energy distribution incorporating electron energization by cyclotron resonant interaction with whistler‐mode chorus, and electron losses due to pitch angle scattering into the loss cone by combined plasma waves (in particular, electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and plasmaspheric hiss). We do not include radial diffusion explicitly since the model applies to the region 3 < L < 5 where radial diffusion is expected to be weak. We treat the chorus wave amplitude and electron loss rate as model input variables and compute the solution for the electron energy distribution as the model output. The extent of the electron flux increase or decrease during the event is found to be sensitively controlled by the magnitudes of the wave amplitude and electron loss rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".