Variation in the Flavonol Glycoside Composition of Almond Seedcoats As Determined by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seedcoats of 16 almond varieties were screened for flavonol glycosides by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Flavonol glycosides were extracted by a simple methanolic extraction followed by a quick cleanup procedure with a Sep-Pak C(18) cartridge. Each of the 16 seedcoat samples exhibited a unique composition. Four flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin rutinoside, isorhamnetin glucoside, kaempferol rutinoside, and kaempferol glucoside, were detected and quantified with use of rutin as an internal standard. Individual peak ratios were very consistent across triplicate analyses of all samples; the average standard deviation was 9%. In all almond varieties, isorhamnetin rutinoside was the most abundant flavonol glycoside, and the total content ranged from 75 to 250 microg/g.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".