Emergent body size of mayfly survivors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary 1. Employing field‐deployed mesocosms, we examined the effects of 12‐h pulse and 20‐day press (continuous) exposures of the common agricultural insecticide, imidacloprid, on nymph abundance, emergence patterns and adult body size of Epeorus spp. (Heptageniidae) and Baetis spp. (Baetidae). 2. In press exposures, reduced nymph density was driven by reduced survivorship; in pulse exposures, reduced nymph density may reflect increased emergence because of stress. 3. Once exposed to imidacloprid, Epeorus and Baetis mayflies developed less and emerged smaller than their control counterparts. Concentrations as low as 0.1 μ g L −1 (12‐h pulse) reduced head length in Baetis and thorax length in Epeorus . 4. In all of the Baetis and Epeorus examined, effects were only found in males. Male survivorship and body size can affect population dynamics. Sublethal doses of this widely applied agricultural insecticide have the potential to reduce reproductive success of mayfly populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".