Time- and dose-related effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone and gonadotropin subunit gene expression in the goldfish pituitary
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goldfish brain contains two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): salmon GnRH (sGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). In a preliminary report, we demonstrated the stimulation of gonadotropin hormone (GtH) subunit and growth hormone (GH) mRNA levels by a single dose of GnRH at a single time point in the goldfish pituitary. Here we extend the work and demonstrate time- and dose-related effects of sGnRH and cGnRH-II on GtH subunit and GH gene expression in vivo and in vitro. The present study demonstrates important differences between the time- and dose-related effects of sGnRH and cGnRH-II on GtH subunit and GH mRNA levels. Using primary cultures of dispersed pituitary cells, the minimal effective dose of cGnRH-II required to stimulate GtH subunit mRNA levels was found to be 10-fold lower than that of sGnRH. In addition, the magnitudes of the increases in GtH subunit and GH mRNA levels stimulated by cGnRH-II were found to be higher than the sGnRH-induced responses. However, no significant difference was observed between sGnRH and cGnRH-II-induced responses in vivo. Time-related studies also revealed significant differences between sGnRH- and cGnRH-II-induced production of GtH subunit and GH mRNA in the goldfish pituitary. In general, the present study provides novel information on time- and dose-related effects of sGnRH and cGnRH-II on GtH subunit and GH mRNA levels and provides a framework for further investigation of GnRH mechanisms of action in the goldfish pituitary.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it