To Storm the Citadel: Geographies of Protest at the Summit of the Americas in Québec City, April 2001
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article draws on research conducted before, at, and after the protest against the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Summit of the Americas meeting held in Québec City in April 2001. Following their successful activities at the World Trade Organization meetings at Seattle in 1999, antiglobalization groups mounted large-scale protests at subsequent major world governance meetings including the Québec City summit. At the time many viewed the protest groups as forming a cohesive movement with considerable momentum. With hindsight we conclude that the protests at Québec City brought together diverse groups—some global, many local—to form an uneasy alliance united by a common opposition to the intrusive meeting on economic globalization. This intrusion was symbolically represented by the location of the FTAA talks in the fortified Québec Citadel, which is an enduring national symbol for most French Canadians. The spectrum of politics represented by the antiglobalization groups found expression in radically different tactics and geographies of protest; indeed, this geographical compromise was the key to allowing the various groups to work together toward challenging the free-trade goals of the FTAA. The success of the protests held at Québec City was therefore not a foregone conclusion but the result of a series of special circumstances that were grounded in the geography of the protest itself.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".