A Novel, Non-Invasive 13C-Glucose Breath Test to Estimate Insulin Resistance in Obese Prepubertal Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese boys and girls. Because needle-associated fear and anxiety are common in children, non-invasive methods to determine IR are desirable. Our objective in this cross-sectional study of obese prepubertal children (n = 39) was to compare estimates of IR using a novel, non-invasive technique (13C-glucose breath test) with common indices of IR derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). For the 13C-glucose breath test, samples were collected before and 90 minutes after ingestion of 25 mg 13C-labelled glucose. For the OGTT, glucose and insulin samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), insulin area-under-the-curve (AUC), and sum-of-insulin were calculated as indices of IR. Pearson correlations revealed significant, but moderate, associations between the 13C-glucose breath test and fasting insulin (r = -0.50; p < 0.01), 2-hour insulin (r = plots showed acceptable levels of agreement between indices of IR. In obese prepubertal children, the 13C-glucose breath test can provide a proxy estimate of IR when gold-standard techniques are either unavailable or impractical.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".