Fracture and Wellbore Spacing Optimization in Multistage Fractured Horizontal Wellbores: Learnings from Our Experience on Canadian Unconventional Resources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Horizontal wellbore drilling and completion technology with multi-stage fracturing has revolutionized the exploitation of unconventional resources in North America in recent years. Many unconventional oil and gas reservoirs with ultra-low permeability have become economical as a result. Yet, the development and completion costs of these resources can be further improved by optimizing the number of fracture stages placed on each wellbore and the number of wellbores drilled per section of land. This study highlights our operational and analytical experience on an integrated workflow for optimization of fracture and wellbore spacing to develop the unconventional resource in Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. The study is based on fracturing design and optimization, microseismic fracture mapping, reservoir modeling and production analysis for over 30 case studies on different formations in Canada including Montney, Cardium, Doig, Beaverhill Lake, Viking, and Sprit River formations. The typical workflow for fracture and well spacing optimization studies includes multiple and iterative steps: minifrac tests, fracture modeling and calibration, fracture job execution, microseismic monitoring, reservoir simulation and production data analysis. In this integrated process, hydraulic fracture models were built based on fracture job data, rock mechanics and log data, and then calibrated with minifrac data and microseismic fracture mapping results. Three dimensional reservoir simulation models were constructed using laboratory core data, petrophysical and geological data, and reservoir fluid PVT properties. The calibrated fracture models were integrated into reservoir simulation models. The reservoir models were fine-tuned by history matching the production data. The fine-tuned models were then used to run multiple scenarios by varying the number of fracturing stages per wellbore and wellbores per section. Fracturing treatments with different pump rate, proppant size, pumping schedule and proppant tonnage were further investigated to optimize fracture geometry and conductivity for production enhancement. Optimal fracture and wellbore spacing scenarios were recommended for future drilling and completion planning in the field. Such optimization studies have helped to minimize operation cost and improve the economics of resource development. Our workflow and experience in West Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin can be a useful guideline to improve economic success of unconventional resources in other basins around the world.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".