The Effect of Laundering on the Detection of Acid Phosphatase and Spermatozoa on Cotton T-Shirts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn sexual assault cases, items submitted for forensic analysis are frequently examined for seminal fluid. The contents of a medical examination kit taken from the victim, particularly the genital swabs, are often the main source of associative DNA evidence. Depending on the circumstances, however, the examination of clothing and bedding can also be important. A standard procedure used in searching clothing is to screen for acid phosphatase and to confirm the presence of seminal fluid by examination for spermatozoa. It is frequently assumed that laundering the item in question will remove acid phosphatase and therefore testing for this enzyme is not useful. We have washed and laundered seminal stains on cotton T-shirts in a variety of ways, including dry cleaning. The cleaned fabric was screened for acid phosphatase, and the presence of spermatozoa determined. The DNA content of the cleaned stain was quantified and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profiles were obtained using the CTT triplex. The results obtained are discussed in the context of the overall examination tactics in sexual assault cases.RÉSUMÉDans les causes d'agressions sexuelles, les items soumis pour fin d'analyses médicolégales sont fréquemment examinés pour la présence de liquide séminal. Le contenu de la trousse médico-légale recueillie de la victime, plus particulièrement les écouvillons génitaux, sont souvent la principale source d'évidence génétique associative. Selon les circonstances, l'examen des vêtements et de la literie peut aussi être important. La procédure courante utilisée pour le criblage des vêtements, est de tester pour la présence de phosphatase acide et de confirmer la présence de liquide séminal par l'identification des spermatozoïdes. Souvent, il est assumé que la phosphatase acide sera enlevée lors du lessivage d'un item et que la détection de cet enzyme ne sera pas utile. Des taches de liquide séminal sur des T-shirts de coton on été lavées de diverses façons incluant le nettoyage à sec. Le tissu propre a été examiné afin de détecter la présence de phosphatase acide et de spermatozoïdes. Le contenu en ADN des taches lessivées a été déterminé et des profils génétiques ont été obtenus par l'analyse de séquences répétives en tandem (STR) en utilisant le triplex CTT. Les résultats obtenus sont discutés dans le contexte de stratégie(s) d'examen des causes d'agressions sexuelles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".