Dynamics of eastern larch stands and its relationships with larch sawfly outbreaks in the northern Clay Belt of Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change, fires, and insects outbreaks can affect eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) stand dynamics. To determine which of these factors had the greatest influence on stand dynamics, we sampled four wetlands dominated by larch on the margin of Lake Duparquet in the northern Clay Belt of Quebec. The ages of seedlings, saplings, and trees were determined in twelve 400-m2 plots. Increment cores were taken at breast height to determine past disturbance episodes related, among others, to larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)) activity. Stem analysis was conducted using larch and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) for identification of post-disturbance releases in height growth. Analyses at the stand and cluster levels showed that larch age structures were characterized by many unsynchronized establishment periods. In addition, a seedlings bank not much older than 10 years characterized many plots. Two larch sawfly outbreak episodes (18951912 and 19551962) identified by tree-ring and stem analysis were associated with larch establishment. A smaller outbreak in the late 1970s could also have contributed to the initiation of establishment in one stand. Our results suggest that the length (severity) of an outbreak may be a critical factor in explaining the different patterns of establishment observed in these stands. During a severe outbreak, larch establishment may occur mainly from surviving stems (increased seed production), whereas during a mild outbreak, larch establishment may occur from increased survival of pre-established seedlings and saplings. Further studies on the distribution of gaps within larch stands may provide better information on the pattern of mortality (gap dynamics) during an outbreak and may help to better understand larch establishment in these stands.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".