Phylogenetic analyses of <i>Nematoctonus</i> and <i>Hohenbuehelia</i> (Pleurotaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hohenbuehelia (Agaricales, Pleurotaceae) and Nematoctonus (Hyphomycetes) are the names for the sexual and asexual stages of a genus of nematode-destroying fungi (Basidiomycota). We obtained partial sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA, including the internal transcribed spacer region and the 5′ end of the large subunit, of 37 isolates of Hohenbuehelia and Nematoctonus representing 13 of the 16 described species in Nematoctonus. Phylogenetic analyses support Hohenbuehelia–Nematoctonus as a monophyletic clade of the Pleurotaceae, within which the species were placed in five main subclades. Exclusively predatory species ( Nematoctonus brevisporus Thorn & G.L. Barron, Nematoctonus campylosporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus robustus F.R. Jones, and Nematoctonus sp. UAMH 5317) appear to be basal. In these species, adhesive knobs to capture prey are produced on their hyphae but not on their conidia. A single mycelial individual may feed on many nematodes. From these have arisen both exclusively parasitoid species ( Nematoctonus cylindrosporus Thorn & G.L. Barron, Nematoctonus leiosporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus leptosporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus pachysporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus tylosporus Drechsler), and species that we call intermediate predators ( Nematoctonus angustatus Thorn & G.L. Barron, Nematoctonus concurrens Drechsler, Nematoctonus geogenius Thorn & GL. Barron, Nematoctonus hamatus Thorn & G.L. Barron, and Nematoctonus subreniformis Thorn & G.L. Barron). Exclusively parasitoid species have conidia that germinate to form sticky knobs that attach to passing nematodes but lack adhesive knobs on the hyphae. Each mycelial individual feeds on only one nematode. Intermediate predators have adhesive knobs both on hyphae and on germinated conidia and can act in both predatory and parasitoid modes. Most morphospecies are resolved as monophyletic, but sequences of additional gene regions are required to clarify species limits within the N. angustatus – N. geogenius group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".