Proteoglycan and Collagen Accumulation by Passaged Chondrocytes Can Be Enhanced Through Side-by-Side Culture with Primary Chondrocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Identifying a source of sufficient numbers of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering is a major factor limiting its use clinically. Previously we demonstrated that combined coculture of passaged dedifferentiated articular chondrocytes with primary bovine chondrocytes will induce their redifferentiation. In this study we determine whether these two cell types have to be in contact, whether human chondrocytes respond similarly, and whether the ability of primary cells to influence passaged cells depends on the age of the donor. Coculture of primary and passaged bovine chondrocytes grown on filter inserts placed in the same culture well but not in direct contact resulted in the passaged cells accumulating matrix rich in proteoglycans and type II collagen. There was upregulation of type II collagen and Sox9 and decrease in type I collagen gene expression in the passaged cells, to levels not significantly different from those of primary chondrocytes. Passaged chondrocytes obtained from older animals responded similarly to cells from younger animals. Further, passaged human chondrocytes were also induced to form cartilage tissue when placed in side-by-side culture with bovine chondrocytes; these data suggest that a soluble factor(s) may be responsible for redifferentiation of passaged chondrocytes and that it is not species specific. The responsiveness of human chondrocytes to this factor(s) suggests that this approach may be suitable to overcome the problem of limited chondrocyte numbers for cartilage tissue engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".