Risperidone in the treatment of dopamine-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease: An open pilot trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of risperidone in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who are experiencing significant dopamine-induced psychosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients (median age, 72 yrs) participated in this 12-week, open pilot study receiving 0.5 to 3 mg oral risperidone per day. Maintenance antiparkinsonian medication was continued throughout, although psychotropic medication was discontinued. EFFICACY RESULTS: Risperidone produced a substantial improvement in psychotic symptoms, shown on the mean total positive subscale score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) by a 30% improvement (-3.1 decrease) after 1 week and a 66% improvement (-6.8 decrease) at end point. This improvement was most evident in the items delusions, hallucinatory behavior, and suspiciousness/persecution. Risperidone also achieved significant improvement from baseline in Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-severity and CGI-improvement (p < 0.001, Page test). Risperidone treatment did not adversely affect symptoms specific to Parkinson's disease, as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). SAFETY RESULTS: Sixteen patients reported at least one adverse event, but only two patients withdrew as a result of adverse events. No significant changes or clinically relevant abnormalities were observed in laboratory parameters or vital signs. CONCLUSION: Short-term use of risperidone (mean dosage, 1.1 mg per day) improves the psychopathology of patients with PD who have dopamine-induced psychosis without adversely affecting the symptoms of PD. Higher doses and long-term use were not addressed in this study and may be precluded by extrapyramidal side effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".