Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 73 year old woman presented to the accident and emergency department after having fallen down a flight of stairs near her local shops. She had not injured her head; lost consciousness; or had a preceding event, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness. After her fall she sustained a closed injury to her left ankle, which was swollen and painful to palpation over both malleoluses. She was also unable to bear weight on her left ankle. Her medical history included hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and osteoporosis. She had undergone hemiarthroplasty for a fracture to the neck of the right femur 10 years ago. She lived with her husband in a bungalow and was fully independent in activities of daily living, using a stick to mobilise. She was an ex-smoker and did not drink. The anterioposterior and lateral radiographs on admission are shown below (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓). Fig 1 Anterioposterior radiograph on admission Fig 2 Lateral radiograph on admission ### 1 When should a radiograph be ordered after an ankle injury? #### Short answer If there is bony tenderness over the medial malleolus or lateral malleolus and the patient cannot bear weight. #### Long answer The Ottawa ankle rules are a set of guidelines aimed at helping doctors in emergency medicine decide whether a patient with foot or ankle pain should be offered radiographic investigation.1 The guidelines were developed by a team of doctors working in the emergency department of the Ottawa Hospital, Canada, and have been adopted in emergency departments worldwide. Their main purpose is to limit the number of unnecessary radiographs, which are not only costly and time consuming but also expose …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".