A dietary sodium gluconate supplement improves growth performance and prebiotic activity in the small intestine of nursery pigs grown under tropical conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium gluconate (SG) supplementation in diets on growth performance, small intestinal morphology and short chain fatty acid concentration in the caecum of nursery pigs. One-hundred and forty-four piglets (bodyweight ~10.5 kg) were raised in conventional open housing and divided into four treatments with six replications. The pigs received diet supplemented without (control), or with SG at a level of 1000, 2500 or 5000 ppm for 6 weeks. The results indicated that increasing SG supplementation from 0 to 5000 ppm linearly improved final bodyweight, average daily gain, feed : gain ratio, caecal propionic acid and total short-chain fatty acid concentration (linear P < 0.05). Adding SG in diet tended to reduce Escherichia coli counts in the caecum (P = 0.09) and adding SG at 2500–5000 ppm significantly increased the villous height in the duodenum (linear, P < 0.01), whereas there were no increase in caecal acetic acid and lactic acid bacterial counts in the caecum and rectum, and E. coli counts in the rectum when compared with the control group. SG supplementation did not affect the pH values in gastrointestinal tract of nursery pigs. This study implied that SG supplementation improved growth rate and may be useful as a prebiotic to accomplish the maximum growth performances in nursery pigs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".