Early Opioid Infusion and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Neonates ≤28 Weeks' Gestation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We sought to assess risk-adjusted neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants who received opioid infusion during early postnatal period. A retrospective analysis of preterm infants ≤28 weeks' gestational age (GA) admitted to neonatal intensive care units in the Canadian Neonatal Network was conducted comparing infants on the basis of receipt of opioid infusion during day 1 and day 3 after birth. Rates of mortality, severe neurological injury, severe retinopathy of prematurity, and chronic lung disease were compared. A total 362 infants received opioid infusion on day 1 and day 3, whereas 4419 infants did not receive opioid infusion. Baseline comparison revealed higher number of males, infants of GA <26 weeks, low Apgar score, and higher Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology scores among those who received opioid infusion. Neonates who received opioid infusion had higher risk for mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 2.18), severe neurological injury (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.30, 2.04), severe retinopathy of prematurity (AOR 1. 39, 95% CI 1.08, 1.79), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03, 1.79). Early exposure to opioid infusion in the first 3 days was associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".