Visual coding in the superior colliculus during unconstrained viewing of natural dynamic video
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The superior colliculus (SC) is a multilayered midbrain structure with visual representations in the superficial-layers (SCs), and sensorimotor representations linked to the control of eye movements/attention in the intermediate-layers (SCi). Although we have extensive knowledge of the SC using simple stimuli, we know little about how the SC behaves during active-vision of complex natural stimuli. We recorded single-units in the monkey SC during unconstrained viewing of natural dynamic video. We used a computational model to predict visual saliency at any retinal location, any point in time. We parsed fixations into tertiles according to the averaged model-predicted saliency value (low, medium, high) in the response field (RF) around the time of fixation (50-400ms post-fixation). The results showed a systematic increase in post-fixation discharge with increasing saliency. We then examined a subset of the total fixations based on the direction of the next saccade (into vs. opposite the RF), under the assumption that saccade direction coarsely indicates the top-down goal of the animal ("value" of the goal-directed stimulus). SCs neurons showed the same enhanced response for greater saliency irrespective of next saccade direction, whereas SCi neurons only showed an enhanced response for greater saliency when the stimulus that evoked it was the goal of the next saccade (was of interest/value). This implies that saliency is controlled closer to the output of the saccade circuit, where priority (combined representation of saliency and relevancy) is presumably signaled and the saccade command is generated. The results support functionally distinct roles of SCs and SCi, whereby the former fit the role of a visual saliency map, and the latter a priority map. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".