Frequency Selective Surfaces for Beam-Switching Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel design of a beam-switching antenna based on reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) is presented. The antenna is composed of a cylindrical FSS with PIN diodes and divided into six equal sectors by metallic sheets. Metallic cones at the top and bottom of the structure are used to create a directive beam. The antenna is fed by a simple dipole at its center. To switch the radiation pattern of the antenna, the diodes in one FSS-sector are set off to be transparent to the incident EM waves, whereas the diodes in other sectors are on to reflect the incident wave. The direction of the radiation pattern is defined by the off-state sector. In this design, the beam-switching is achieved with only one layer and minimum size of the cylindrical active FSS in order to decrease the number of active elements, and the amount of the power supply. The antenna can sweep the entire azimuth plane with 60°radiation beamwidth in six steps. The fabricated antenna prototype operates from 2.3 GHz to 3 GHz with maximum measured gain of 10 dBi and 3-dB beamwidth of 60°. This antenna can be used in the base station of the wireless communication systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".