Effect of Microstructure and Temperature on Electrochemical Behavior of Niobium in Phosphate-Buffered Saline Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the corrosion behavior of Nb with different microstructures, cold-rolled and annealed, was studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions in the temperature range of 37 to 67°C. The chemical composition and electronic properties of the passive film were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Mott-Schottky analysis. The results show that the annealed sample exhibits better corrosion resistance. Mott-Schottky analysis revealed that the passive films formed on niobium surfaces show n-type semiconductor behavior. The measured donor density is dependent on the frequency of the Mott-Schottky analysis, which can be eliminated by fitting the impedance data at different frequencies. The microstructure of the metal substrate affects the donor density of the passive film but not the flatband potential. No pitting or trans-passive behavior was observed for any samples up to 0.9 V and 67°C. No significant difference of the chemical composition was observed among the passive films formed at 0.35 V on different treated samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".