Bibliographic record
Abstract
Secularization theory is most often discussed in the context of church membership statistics, but it is of interest as well for its thesis that the public or political activity of the church declines with modernization. This thesis has been questioned in recent decades in light of evidence of an increasing public profile of the church in both developing and Western societies. One problem with the thesis is its reliance on the classical liberal model of society, which recognizes only a public sphere of the state apparatus and a private one of discrete individuals. The classical liberal model suggests that political action will take the form of attempting to control state institutions. Since modernization entails social or functional differentiation, including the differentiation of church and state, the model also makes the decline of the political church appear inevitable. l For the most part, however, the church no longer seeks to impose doctrines on society . by means of legislation, but rather influences government indirectly, by forming or simply appealing to associational groups. The public role of the church today is best portrayed with the concept of civil society, which acknowledges that many associational groups, such as workplace organizations, colleges, hospitals and the church, are neither strictly public nor strictly private. They are not part of institutionalized politics, yet their values are germane to the public interest and they contribute to public policy-making.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".