Phenological Development of Spring Barley in a Short‐Season Growing Area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the phenological development of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under field conditions in its major growing area in the northern Great Plains, the Canadian province of Alberta, is important for the development of a crop model in this area. Five cultivars of barley registered for production on the Canadian Prairies were grown at three locations in Alberta (Botha, Lacombe, and Olds) from 1993 to 1996. Measurements and estimates were made of 12 growth stages, the final leaf number of the main culm, phyllochrons, and leaf area indices (LAIs). The average phyllochron was 69.1 growing degree days (GDD), and the final leaf number was 9.0. While location–year differences in GDD requirements to reach successive stages could be related to environmental conditions, the genotypic effects and genotype × environment (g × e) interactions would require that specific genotypic coefficients be introduced into the model. For instance, ‘Manley’ required only 129 GDD to emerge and 493 GDD to reach Apex 1 but required 1495 GDD to reach physiological maturity while ‘Tukwa’ required 133 GDD to emerge, 514 GDD to reach Apex 1, and only 1431 GDD to reach physiological maturity. Despite genotypic differences in reaching specific growth stages, all cultivars had very synchronous growth under the wide range of environments encountered in the 12 location‐years of these tests. This should allow for the development of a crop model for barley that will accurately predict growth stages and the allocation of resources to the growth and maintenance of plant structures (leaves, stems, spikes, and kernels).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".