Normal Multiple Auditory Steady-State Response Thresholds to Air-Conducted Stimuli in Infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Multiple auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) to stimuli modulated at approximately 80 Hz are a promising technique for threshold estimation in infants, but additional data are required. RESEARCH DESIGN: We obtained multiple ASSRs to air-conducted (AC) stimuli. STUDY SAMPLE: There were 54 children in two age groups: > six months (N=32) and < or = six months (N=22). All infants had normal hearing by tone-evoked auditory brain stem response. RESULTS: ASSR thresholds, estimated from 50 percent using cumulative percent present distributions, were 36, 30, 24, and 15 dB HL at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively. Most (> or =90%) of the infants showed present ASSRs at 49, 45, 36, and 32 dB HL at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively, with no differences in the results of younger versus older infants. When responses were present for all stimuli for both ears, most infants showed all eight responses within five minutes. Compared to ipsilateral responses, ASSRs in the contralateral EEG (electroencephalogram) channel were smaller and often absent. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon these data and the literature, normal AC ASSR "screening" levels would be 50, 45, 40, and 40 dB HL at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively. Using the multiple-stimulus ASSR, infants with normal hearing referred for diagnostic electrophysiological threshold assessment can now be quickly confirmed as having normal thresholds for four frequencies in both ears.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".