Union production of low chlorinated polyethylene and chlorinated paraffin via a carbon tetrachloride solvent free process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A novel process for producing low chlorinated polyethylene (LCPE) with chlorinity of 28–33% by weight is presented, in which a reactive solvent, paraffin, is used as a green solvent to replace the commonly used inert solvent, carbon tetrachloride (CTC), an ozone depleting substance (ODS) being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. This process utilizes the principle that paraffin can dissolve high density polyethylene (HDPE) at about 135°C and the resulting solution can be chlorinated by chlorine forming two useful products simultaneously, viz chlorinated paraffin (CP) and LCPE, which are mutual soluble even at lower temperature e.g.70°C. The present process is superior to the conventional CTC solvent method because it can reduce the solvent emission dramatically, enhance the volume efficiency of reactor and achieve a union production of LCPE and CP under atmospheric pressure. The structure and properties of LCPE produced by two different methods are determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results indicate that polyethylene chain can be homogeneously chlorinated in paraffin as in CTC solvent via a radical mechanism, and the chlorinity of CP and LCPE is virtually same under optimal conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".