Expression of morphogenic genes in mature ovarian and testicular tissues: Potential stem‐cell niche markers and patterning factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Morphogens are developmental regulators that modulate different tissue patterning, proliferation, differentiation, or remodeling processes in embryonic and adult tissues. Morphogens may also evoke specific regulatory programs in stem cells. Some of the morphogens involved in these processes have been characterized, while others remain unidentified. A microarray containing 3,557 salmonid cDNAs was used to compare the transcriptomes of rainbow trout precocious ovary at three different stages during second year (June, August, and October) with a reference (June normal ovary) transcriptome. During this study, we detected morphogen transcript hybridizations to salmonid elements and the study was enlarged to investigate these activities in various developmental stages of both ovary and testis. Genes from diverse development regulator families such as Anterior gradient-2, BMP, Epimorphin, Flightless, Frizzled, Notch, Tiarin, Twisted gastrulation, and Wnt were demonstrated to be expressed in the adult trout gonads. In mice or rats, expression of mammalian bmp-4, epimorphin, flightless, twisted gastrulation, and GW112 transcripts were localized to cell types isolated from the developed ovary and testis. Comparisons of salmonid and mammalian morphogens at the amino acid residue level show high similarities, suggesting functional conservation. This report provides evidence for local regulation by various morphogens and their potential to control distinct programs of gene expression in the gametes and their accessory cells during gametogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".