Study of /sup 11/C-Acetoacetate Uptake by Rat Heart and Brain Using Small Animal PET Imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Normally the brain almost exclusively uses glucose as a fuel but during fasting it can rely on the increased supply of ketones (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) produced in liver mitochondria from fatty acid beta-oxidation. Raised blood ketones produced on a very high fat ketogenic diet can significantly reduce seizures in children. Ketones also have other 'protective' effects on the brain but their metabolism by the brain is still poorly understood. The aim of the present work was to assess the brain uptake of11C-acetoacetate using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In order to vary plasma ketones, we used rats (3 groups of 4 rats) under three dietary conditions - control diet (high carbohydrate; low plasma ketones), fat-rich ketogenic diet (moderate plasma ketones), and 48 h fasting (moderate plasma ketones). Tissue perfusion of the tracer and oxygen consumption were measured in heart and brain. In brain but not heart, the ketogenic diet enhanced tracer perfusion and oxygen consumption relative to the two other diets. Our data show that the brain's ability to utilize increased availability of blood ketones may relate in some way to concurrent glucose availability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".