Bibliographic record
Abstract
INK4 proteins are members of a family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors that function in G(1) to block the activity of CDKs 4 and 6. While they share clear structural similarities, numerous studies have shown that INK4 proteins differ in their expression patterns during development and in the adult, and have differing roles in tumor suppression. A recent study from our laboratory showed that expression of the gene encoding p19(INK4D) is induced by the hormonal form of vitamin D(3) and by retinoids, both of which signal through related nuclear receptor transcription factors. Although vitamin D(3) and retinoids have distinct developmental and physiological functions, both regulate the cell cycle and have been shown to have chemopreventive effects in a range of studies. Induction of p19(INK4D) expression contributed to cell cycle arrest by both ligands. However, knockdown of p19(INK4D) rendered cells sensitive to autophagic cell death, a remarkable phenotype given the hyperproliferative responses to loss of other INK4 proteins. We discuss the relevance of our studies and recent findings of others to the cell death observed in p19(INK4D)-deficient animals and to a possible role for p19(INK4D) induction in chemoprevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".