Field monitoring of an unsaturated saprolitic hillslope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To advance the understanding of the rainfall-induced landslide triggering mechanism, a comprehensive field monitoring programme was implemented in a saprolitic hillslope in Hong Kong. The instrumentation covered the measurements of the two stress-state variables (i.e., net normal stress and matric suction) and their effects. The monitoring results, including pore-water pressure (PWP), volumetric water content, subsurface total horizontal stress, horizontal displacement, and rainfall intensity, are reported. Most instruments recorded reliable and good quality data, which have strong correlation among each other. The site-specific infiltration and deformation characteristics of the hillslope subjected to heavy rainstorms are investigated. Shallow transient perched groundwater tables were believed to be developed at colluvial deposits on the top 3 m, where PWPs up to 20 kPa were typically measured. The main groundwater table probably rose by 6 m when the hillslope was subjected to rainfall intensity of 133.5 mm/h. It is possible that cross-slope groundwater flowed along a shallow, dipped decomposed rock stratum at the central portion of the landslide body. Besides, two distinct types of slope movements were generally observed, namely the “cantilever” and the “deep-seated” mode. Rupture surfaces have possibly been developed at 5 m below ground or deeper, resulting in a multiple translational- and rotational-slide type of failure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".