The Application of Raman Spectroscopy to the Study of Gas Hydrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A bstract : Raman spectroscopy is reviewed with particular emphasis placed on its application to gas hydrates. Experimental examples discussed include studies of the totally symmetric C‐H stretching vibration ν 1 ( A 1 ) of methane in both synthetic and natural hydrate samples (from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L‐38 research well); a comparison of the coupled O‐H vibrations of water in the host lattice of CH 4 hydrate and ice I h at low temperature; and local structural details of the relaxation of the hydrogen‐bonded water on crystallization to structure II hydrate of amorphous tetrahydrofuran (THF) aqueous solutions. This paper is intended to be an introduction to Raman spectroscopy with specific examples from research at the National Research Council of Canada, and is aimed at those who wish to apply the technique as a tool to investigate gas hydrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".