Microbicidal action of lactoferrin and lactoferricin and their synergistic effect with metronidazole in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 7th International Conference on Lactoferrin: Structure, Function, and Applications, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), in its iron-free form, has been shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In the light of new agents to control amoebiasis, the microbicidal activity of human and bovine Lf and bovine lactoferricin (bLfcin, fragment 4-14), and of each combined with metronidazole, the main drug used in amoebiasis, was evaluated in trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. Both lactoferrins and bLfcin were able to kill amoebas in a concentration-dependent manner. This killing effect was modulated according to the culture age, pH, and temperature. Parasites obtained from the stationary phase were more susceptible to Lf than those from the early exponential phase. The effect of Lf and its derived peptide, bLfcin, was prevented by both Fe2+ and Fe3+. However, the divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+ prevented the killing effect of Lf but not of bLfcin. A synergistic amoebicidal effect was found between metronidazole and human Lf, bovine Lf, or bLfcin. These data suggest that Lf and bLfcin might be used in amoebiasis if they are administered with a low dose of metronidazole to diminish the toxicity of this drug. Thus, Lf and bLfcin are therapeutically potential candidates for use as antiamoebics in patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".