Translocation frequencies and chromosomal proximities for selected mouse chromosomes in primary B lymphocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chromosome positions within the nucleus of mammalian cells are nonrandom and it is assumed that chromosomal neighborhoods affect the probability of translocations. Four chromosomes can be involved in c-myc-activating chromosomal translocations in mouse plasmacytoma (PCT): the c-myc gene on mouse chromosome 15 can be juxtaposed to either one of the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci on chromosomes 12 (IgH), 16 (Igλ), or 6 (Igκ). In the BALB/c mouse, the translocation between chromosomes 12 and 15, T(12;15), is most common (90%) while the other two possible translocations, T(6;15) and T(16;15), are much less common (<10%). In contrast, in the BALB/cRb6.15 mouse, T(6;15) is found with the same frequency as T(12;15). We, therefore, examined the distance between chromosomes 15 and 12, 6, and 16 in primary mouse B lymphocytes in order to examine the effect of the chromosome proximity on the translocation frequency. We performed three-dimensional fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) with chromosome paints. We acquired three-dimensional image stacks with 90 slices per stack and used constrained iterative deconvolution. The nucleus and chromosomes were segmented from this image stack and the interchromosomal distances were measured. Chromosomes 6 and 15 were found in close proximity in BALB/cRb6.15 mice (82%), whereas they did not share this neighborhood relationship in BALB/c mice. No other chromosome combinations showed such a high percentage of close proximities in either mouse strain. Chromosome positions contribute to translocation frequencies in mouse PCTs. The BALB/cRb6.15 mouse data argue for a proximity relationship of chromosomes that engage in illegitimate recombination. These positions are not, however, the only contributing factor as the T(12;15) translocation preference in BALB/c mice could not be supported by significantly elevated proximity of chromosomes 12 and 15 versus 12 and 16 or 12 and 6. Moreover, while there is a significant increase in T(6;15) in BALB/cRb6.15 mice, T(12;15) still occurs in this mouse strain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".