Fitness Changes In High School Females As A Result Of A Three-week Physical Education Class
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE Most research evaluating the relationship between physical education classes and fitness status have utilized the traditional semester long class as their benchmark time frame. The purpose of this study was to examine change in fitness status as a result of a three week high school class that met for four hours daily. METHODS The subjects in the study were 48 female students enrolled in a onehalf credit summer physical education class, which is a graduation requirement in the State of Missouri. Subjects mean (± SD) age was 16.04 ± 0.80 years. On the first and last day of the class students went through fitness testing which comprised of the following tests: height and weight, modified sit and reach, Canadian curl-up, maximal pushups, handgrip strength, and the YMCA 3-minute step test. During each of the 15 class periods students engaged in four distinct one hour activities. The exceptions to this were days 1 and 15 when the students spent one hour undergoing fitness testing. Of the remaining 58 hours of activity the students engaged in 15 hours of walking at a self selected pace, 10 hours of resistance training. 7 hours of bowling, 5 hours of step aerobics, 4 hours each of volleyball, circuit training, and body sculpting, 2 hours each of kick boxing, stretching and yoga, and 3 hours of movies. RESULTS Paired samples t-tests showed that mean (± SD) VO2max estimated from the YMCA step test increased significantly from 34.51 ± 5.70 to 41.67 ± 10.14 ml/kg/ min (p<0.001); flexibility increased significantly from 38.36 ± 7.96 to 44.30 ± 8.11 centimeters (p<0.001); right hand grip strength increased significantly from 30.09 ± 4.88 to 31.75 ± 5.24 kg (p<0.001) and Canadian curl-up increased from 64.49 ± 13.51 to 71.64 ± 19.64 repetitions (p<0.001). Mean maximal pushups increased from 26.98 ± 9.20 to 28.33 ± 12.28 repetitions and BMI increased from 22.05 ± 4.07 kg/m2 to 22.20 ± 4.00 kg/m2 although neither of these changes was significant. CONCLUSIONS A limitation of this study is that it was not possible to control for physical activity outside of the class time and this may have influenced the results. Although no significant changes were seen in BMI or maximal pushups the results of this study indicate that significant changes in predicted VO2max abdominal muscular endurance and muscular strength may be achieved with a relatively short-term intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".