Pediatric lupus nephritis: impact of ethnicity on histological subtype and initial presentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1) To determine the association between ethnicity and lupus nephritis (LN) subtype, 2) To compare clinical and laboratory characteristics of LN subtypes. A single-center cohort study of all consecutive patients <18 years of age with biopsy proven LN diagnosed in 1980–2006 was performed. Self-designated ethnicity, clinical and laboratory features including renal function, urinalysis and overall activity (SLEDAI) were recorded. Associations of ethnicities, LN subtypes, clinical and laboratory variables were tested using chi-squared analysis, t-test and ANOVA; Bonferroni and Tukey correction were used for all multiple comparisons. 150 LN patients were included in the study; 81% females, mean age 12.9 years (SD = 3.1). 44 children were Caucasian, 45 Asian, 22 South Asian, 30 Black and 9 of other ethnic origin. Diffuse proliferative LN (DPGN) was seen in 38%, focal proliferative LN (FPGN) in 31%, membranous LN in 17% and mesangial LN in 14%. All ethnic groups had similar proportions of all LN subtypes. Disease activity (SLEDAI) at the time of LN diagnosis was highest in patients with DPGN. Nephrotic range proteinuria was significantly more common in DPGN than in FPGN or mesangial LN, but not membranous LN. Patients with DPGN presented significantly more frequently in renal failure as compared to mesangial or membranous LN, but not FPGN. Ethnicity does not influence the LN subtype. Renal failure is present in 1/3 of patients with DPGN and FPGN at diagnosis. Of all LN subtypes, DPGN at presentation was associated with the highest disease activity, nephrotic range proteinuria and renal failure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".