Incidence and clinical characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several studies suggested that the insulin resistance-associated metabolic syndrome (MS) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), but the criteria to identify MS were only recently standardized by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III. METHODS: We evaluated the incidence of the newly defined MS in patients with documented CAD and compared the characteristics of patients with and without this syndrome. RESULTS: In a Canadian population with CAD (793 men and 315 women, age 58.1+/-9.8 years) 51% had MS. As compared to patients without the MS syndrome, these patients had significantly higher waist circumference, blood pressure levels and fasting glucose and triglyceride, but lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Their homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance index was significantly higher, with indicators of highly atherogenic, small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL particles. Family history of diabetes and the use of hypoglycemic agents, beta-blockers and thiazides were more frequent, but physical exercise and alcohol consumption were less frequent in MS positive patients. Cumulative coronary stenosis score and the frequency of patients with >50% coronary artery narrowing were higher and there was a strong tendency for higher rates of previous myocardial infarction in MS positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: In a CAD population documented in 1991-1992, 51% of participants had MS and in several respects a more advanced coronary disease than those without the syndrome. These results support the view of NCEP ATP III, that in CAD prevention, beyond lowering LDL-cholesterol levels, interventions concerning the constituents of MS should be important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".