Clarification of the Role of Quercetin Hydroxyl Groups in Superoxide Generation and Cell Apoptosis by Chemical Modification
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accumulated data have suggested that the hydroxyl groups of flavonoids are important for their bioactive function. To directly demonstrate the role of hydroxyl groups, we synthesized a derivative of quercetin, 3,7,3',4'-O-tetrabenzylquercetin (4Bn-Q) that substituted the hydroxyl groups of quercetin with benzyl groups, and then evaluated the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and cause apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) cells. The results reveal that quercetin, but not 4Bn-Q, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis as characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, and PARP cleavage. Treatment with 4Bn-Q reduced the intracellular level of quercetin-induced superoxide, and the scavenger of superoxide, Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP), reduced the superoxide level and apoptosis induced by quercetin. These findings directly demonstrate that the hydroxyl groups of quercetin contributed to the generation of intracellular superoxide, consequently inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it