Versatile Decoration of Glass Surfaces To Probe Individual Protein−Protein Interactions and Cellular Adhesion
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The capability to durably link biological macromolecules to solid supports is fundamental for the development of biosensors and many diagnostic techniques, as well as for the investigation of biomolecular interactions such as adhesion of cells onto biomimetic substrates. Here, we describe two simple and reproducible chemical procedures to decorate glass surfaces with specific ligands at a variable and controlled surface density . The first method uses the streptavidin−biotin complex for further immobilization of biotinylated proteins, while the second method performs a direct covalent attachment of proteins to glass. Both procedures were characterized by optical interferometry to measure molecular-layer thickness, fluorescence flow cytometry to evaluate surface density, and qualitative adhesion/aggregation assays to assay protein functionality. Both routes were first applied to streptavidin as a model protein, and extended to an homotypic calcium-dependent adhesive protein, namely E-cadherin. We mainly discuss key issues that must be addressed when control of the protein surface density and passivation of the surface against nonspecific adsorption are required.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it