The role of leaf chemistry in<i>Melampsora medusae</i>infection of hybrid poplar: effects of leaf development and fungicide treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immature leaves of poplars are immune to Melampsora leaf rust infection, regardless of the level of resistance or susceptibility of older leaves. Leaf phenolic and protein concentrations were quantified in leaves of varying maturity (measured by leaf plastochron index, LPI) from a rust-susceptible, interspecific hybrid poplar clone, 47-174 (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.). Using leaf water extracts and apoplastic solutions, concentrations of phenolics and proteins decreased as LPI increased. Urediniospore germination increased 3-fold, and hyphae elongation increased 3.5-fold as LPI increased from 1 to 11. Inoculation significantly increased concentrations from 9% (LPI 5) to over 120% (LPI 11). Application of triadimefon (Bayleton ® ) significantly increased the apoplastic concentrations of phenolics and proteins by 43% and 25%, respectively. In vitro urediniospore germination and hyphae elongation decreased over 7-fold and 3-fold, respectively, in these leaves, to levels comparable to immature leaves. This study has shown that defense compounds are present in immature poplar leaves that likely contribute to Melampsora medusae rust immunity, and that triadimefon application created a similar immunity in susceptible leaves. Identification of specific compounds associated with this immunity could assist in the development of resistant poplar clones through traditional breeding or gene modification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".