A Randomized Trial Of Aerobic Exercise Training In Lymphoma Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lymphoma is the fifth most common cancer in the United States with 75,000 Americans expected to be diagnosed in 2008. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) comprises 89% of lymphomas with the remainder being Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The disease and its repeated treatments can produce acute and chronic side effects including decreased physical functioning, body composition changes, fatigue, depression, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Few interventions have been shown to improve these outcomes in lymphoma patients. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on physical functioning and QoL in lymphoma patients. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Edmonton, Canada between 2005 and 2008 that stratified 122 lymphoma patients by major disease type and current treatment status and randomly assigned them to usual care (UC; n=62) or supervised AET (n=60) for 12 weeks. Our primary endpoint was patient-rated physical functioning assessed by the Trial Outcome Index-Anemia (TOI-An) scale. Secondary endpoints included overall QoL, fatigue, general health, psychosocial functioning, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition. RESULTS: Follow-up assessment for our primary endpoint was 96% (117/122) and median adherence to the supervised exercise program was 92%. Mixed-model analyses indicated that AET was statistically and clinically superior to UC for patient-rated physical functioning as assessed by the TOI-An [mean group difference= +9.0; 95% CI=2.0 to 16.0; p=0.012]. AET was also superior to UC for overall QoL (p=0.019), fatigue (p=0.013), general health (p<0.001), happiness (p=0.002), depression (p=0.005), cardiovascular fitness (p<0.001), and lean body mass (p=0.007). Change in peak cardiovascular fitness mediated the changes in patient-rated physical functioning and fatigue. Findings were not moderated by major disease type or current treatment status. AET did not interfere with chemotherapy completion rate or treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: AET significantly improved important patient-rated outcomes and objective physical functioning in lymphoma patients without interfering with medical treatments. Exercise training to improve cardiovascular fitness should be considered in the management of lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy or off treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".