Parametric analysis of the effects of stress relief on the performance and capacity of piles in nondilative soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To provide support to superstructure and substructure, piles are often installed beneath a deep basement prior to its excavation. However, the effects of stress relief on the performance and capacity of piles due to deep excavation are rarely reported in the literature. In this study, two different types of pile load tests were simulated with and without considering excavation effects by conducting parametric axisymmetric finite element analyses. The first test was a pile load test on a sleeved pile from the ground surface prior to deep excavation, and the other is a load test on an unsleeved pile at the final excavated level. It is found that an excavation could reduce the pile capacity by up to 45% and pile stiffness by up to 75%. The effects of stress relief due to an excavation increase with normalized excavation depth (H/L) and excavation radius (R/H). Moreover, the maximum tension induced in a pile by excavation varies with H/L, and it has a peak value when 1 < H/L < 1.25. The value of maximum tension increases with the pile–soil modulus ratio (E p /E sm ). When E p /E sm = 100, peak tension develops at 0.5H. On the other hand, tension reaches a peak at 0.7H when E p /E sm = 20.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".