Paradox and potential: trends in science policy and practice in Canada and New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, Canada and New Zealand have redirected their science and research systems to meet changing national priorities, and in response to global trends and needs. They have shared a common effort to transform their traditionally resource-based economies. Both are committed to the creation of knowledge-based economies that can compete internationally in the face of massive globalization and the rise of the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Research, and science and technology, are seen as the primary drivers towards this goal. Canada and New Zealand developed science systems shaped by their common British heritage. In recent years, their science systems have undergone fundamental changes, yet they continue to share many evolving trends, highlighted in the ideas, methods, values and norms identified as Mode 2, in The New Production of Knowledge. These trends, however, have been shaped by different policies and different institutional arrangements, different theoretical perspectives and different political ideologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.045 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.024 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".