Antimicrobial Treatment in Diabetic Women with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common among women with diabetes, and the treatment of such infections has been recommended to prevent complications related to symptomatic urinary tract infection. METHODS: We enrolled women (>16 years of age) with diabetes, bacteriuria (> or =105 colony-forming units of an organism per milliliter in cultures of two consecutive urine specimens), and no urinary symptoms; 50 were randomly assigned to receive placebo and 55 to receive antimicrobial therapy. For the first six weeks, which included the initial course of treatment, the study was placebo-controlled and double-blind. Subsequently, the women were screened for bacteriuria every three months for up to three years; antimicrobial therapy was provided to women in the antimicrobial-therapy group who had asymptomatic bacteriuria. RESULTS: Four weeks after the end of the initial course of therapy, 78 percent of placebo recipients had bacteriuria, as compared with 20 percent of women who received antimicrobial agents (P<0.001). During a mean follow-up of 27 months, 20 of 50 women in the placebo group (40 percent) and 23 of 55 women in the antimicrobial-therapy group (42 percent) had at least one episode of symptomatic urinary tract infection. The time to a first symptomatic episode was similar in the placebo group and the antimicrobial-therapy group (P=0.67 by the log-rank test), as were the (+/-SD) rates of any symptomatic urinary tract infection (1.10+/-0.17 and 0.93+/-0.14 per 1000 days of follow-up, respectively; relative risk, 1.19; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.28 to 1.81), pyelonephritis (0.28+/-0.08 and 0.13+/-0.05 per 1000 days of follow-up; relative risk, 2.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 5.62), and hospitalization for urinary tract infection (0.10+/-0.36 and 0.06+/-0.22 per 1000 days of follow-up; relative risk, 1.93; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.47 to 7.89). The women in the antimicrobial-therapy group had almost five times as many days of antibiotic use for urinary tract infection as did the women in the placebo group (158.2+/-1.7 vs. 33.7+/-0.91 per 1000 days of follow-up; relative risk, 0.21; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in women with diabetes does not appear to reduce complications. Diabetes itself should not be an indication for screening for or treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".