Biological oxidation of ferrous ions under acidic conditions using rotating biological contactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxidation of ferrous (Fe 2+ ) ion to ferric (Fe 3+ ) ion under acidic conditions can be achieved by iron oxidizing bacteria. In this research study, oxidation of Fe 2+ ions by iron oxidizing bacteria was studied using a bench-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC). Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of parameters such as hydraulic loading rate (HLR), temperature and Fe 2+ concentration at pH 2.0 on Fe 2+ oxidation. Oxidation of Fe 2+ was observed to decrease with temperature (in the range of 5 to 23 °C). The Fe 2+ oxidation rates of 35.3 g Fe 2+ /(m 2 ·d) and 52.6 g Fe 2+ /(m 2 ·d) were observed at 5 °C and 21 °C, respectively, at HLR of 0.014 m 3 /(m 2 ·d). The Fe 2+ oxidation rates increased with increase in HLR from 0.014 m 3 /(m 2 ·d) to 0.055 m 3 /(m 2 ·d) for a Fe 2+ concentration of approximately 3200 mg/L in the RBC feed. The maximum Fe 2+ oxidation rate observed in this study was 165 g Fe 2+ /(m 2 ·d). Iron solids were deposited on the RBC disks and were identified as jarosite. The RBC was able to achieve 50% Fe 2+ oxidation efficiency after 24 h of a process upset. Key words: rotating biological contactor, ferrous, ferric, oxidation, acidic mine drainage, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic loading rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".