Bryophyte and lichen communities in mature to old-growth stands in eastern boreal forests of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We sampled 22 black spruce (Picea mariana) - feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi) sites (80 to >200 years) to describe and assess the diversity of bryophyte and lichen communities as a function of time since fire and site characteristics. Old growth had no more species than younger forests. We think that this result might be explained by the phenomenon of paludification, which is a major process in this region. Axis 1 of a nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination (NMS) of terricolous species was interpreted as a paludification gradient. Mature forests were characterized by Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Polytrichum commune, and Dicranum polysetum, and older sites by a greater abundance of Sphagnum. Axis 1 of epiphytic species ordination (NMS) was interpreted as a gradient of time since the last fire. Abundance of Tuckermannopsis americana, Hypogymnia physodes, and Bryoria furcellata was greater in mature forests. In contrast, Mycoblastus sanguinarius, Bryoria trichodes, and Usnea spp. were more abundant in older forests. The abundance of epiphytic lichens increased with tree age, whereas their richness was higher in sites where trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) were present. Since species composition varied with time since the last fire, it is important to preserve the diversity of successional stages at the landscape level and the structural diversity at the stand level to maintain the bryophyte and lichen communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".